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CHAT GPT क्या है। CHAT GPT (Chat-based GPT) एक भाषा विधान प्रतिमान है जिसे OpenAI ने विकसित किया है। यह एक नाटकीय प्रतिष्ठान है जो मतदान और उपयोगकर्ता के प्रश्नों का उत्तर देने के लिए बनाया गया है। यह सामान्य संवाद बनाने, विचार-विमर्श करने और जानकारी प्राप्त करने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है। CHAT GPT को विकसित करने के लिए, OpenAI ने बड़ी मात्रा में डेटा का उपयोग किया है जिसमें अनलाइन संवादों, ब्लॉग पोस्ट, न्यूज़लेटर आदि शामिल हैं। यह प्रतिष्ठान एक गहन आंतरिक परीक्षा के बाद एक सार्वजनिक बीटा संस्करण जारी करने का निर्णय लिया है, जिसे ईंधन के रूप में उपयोगकर्ताओं को उपलब्ध कराया जा सकेगा। CHAT GPT एक AI प्रणाली है जो शैली, भाषा और सामग्री के अनुसार बदल सकती है। यह उपयोगकर्ता के प्रश्नों को समझती है और उनके ऊपर उचित उत्तर प्रदान करती है। इसका उपयोग टेक्स्ट एडिटिंग, सामग्री सारणीकरण, अनुरोध प्रबंधन और और भी कई कार्यों के लिए किया जा सकता है। इसका उपयोग इंटरनेट सदस्यता, संपर्क फॉर्म उत्तर, वाणिज्यिक उपयोगकर्ता सपोर्ट, गेमिंग आदि में किया जा सकता है।

Magnetic field orientation and flaw detectable.  The type of magnetic field established is determined by the method used to magnetize the specimen. Being able to magnetize the part in two direction is important because the best detection of defects occurs when the lines of magnetic force are established at right angles to the longest dimensions of the defect. This orientation creates the largest disruption of the magnetic field within the part and the greatest flux leakage at the surface of the part. As can be seen in the image, if the magnetic field is parallel to the defect, the field will see little disruption and no flux leakage field will be produced. An orientation of 45 to 90 degrees between the magnetic field and the defect is necessary to form an indication. Since defects may occur in various and unknown directions, each part is normally magnetized in two directions at right angles to each other. If the component below is considered, it is known that passing curr...

THE HYSTERESIS LOOP AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES.  A great deal of information can be learned about the magnetic properties of a materials by studying it's hysteresis loop. A hysteresis loop shows the relationship between the induced magnetic flux density (B) and the magnetizing force (H). It is often referred to as the B-H loop. The loop is generated by measuring the magnetic flux of a ferromagnetic material while the magnetizing force is changed. A ferromagnetic material that has never been previously magnetized or has been throughly demagnetized will follow the dashed line as H is increased. As the line demonstrates the greater the amount of current applied (H+), the stronger the magnetic field in the component ((B+). At point  "a" almost all of the magnetic Domains are aligned andante additional increase in the magnetizing force will produce very little increase in magnetic flux. The material has reached the point of magnetic saturation. When H is reduced to zero,...

MAGNETIZATION USING DIRECT INDUCTION.  With direct magnetization, current passed directly through the component. Recall that whenever current flows, a magnetic field is produced. Using the right-hand rule, which was introduced earlier, it is known that the magnetic lines of flux form normal to the direction of the current and form a circular field in and around the conductor. When using the direct magnetization method, care must be taken to ensure that good electrical contact is established and maintained between the test equipment and the test component improper contact can result in arcing that may damage the component. It is also possible to overheat component in areas of high resistance such as the contact points and in areas of small cross - sectional area.   There are several ways that direct magnetization is commonlyaccomplished. One way involves clamping the component between two electrical contacts in a special piece of equipment. Current is passed ...

What is wave propagation in ultrasonic testing.  Ultrasonic testing is based on time-varying deformation or vibrations in materials, which is generally refered to as accustics.All material substances are comprised atoms,which may be forced into vibrational motion about their equilibrium positions.  Many different patterns of vibrational motion exist at the atomic level,however,most are irrelevant to acoustics and ultrasonic testing.Acoustics is focused on particles that contain many atoms that move in unison to produce a mechanical wave.when a material is not stressed in tension or compression beyond its elastic limit.its individual particles perform elastic oscillation.When the particles of a medium are displaced from their equilibrium position, internal(electrostatic)restoration forces arise.It is these elastic restoring forces between particles,combined with inertia of the particles, that lead to the oscillatory mation of the medium.In solids, sound waves can p...

MAGNETIZATION USING INDIRECT INDUCTION.  Indirect magnetization is accomplished by using a strong external magnetic field to establish a magnetic field within the component. As with direct magnetization, there are several ways that indirect magnetization can be accomplished. The use of permanent magnets is a low cost method of establishing field. However, their use is limited due to lack of control of the field strength and the difficulty of placing and removing strong permanent magnets from the component. Electromagnetes in the form of an adjustable horseshoe magnet ( called a yoke) eliminate the problems associated with permanent magnets and are used extensively in industry. Electromagnetes only exhibit a magnetic flux when electric current is flowing around the soft iron core. When the magnet is placed on the component, a magnetic field is established between the north and south poles of the magnet. Another way of indirectly inducing a magnetic field in a ma...

MAGNETIZING CURRENT IN MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION.  Half wave Alternative current (HWAC) :- When single phase alternative current is passed through a rectifier, current is allowed to flow in only one direction. The reverse half of each cycle is blocked outsourcing that a one directional, pulsating current is produced. The current rises from zero to a maximum and then returns to zero. No current flows during the time when the reverse cycle is blocked out. The HAWC repeat at same rate as the unrectified current (60hertz typical). Since half of the current is blocked out, the amperage is halftone the unaltered AC. This type of current is often referred to as half wave Dc or pulsating DC. The pulsation of the HWAC helps magnetic particle inspection form by vibrating the particles and giving them added mobility. This added mobility is especially important when using dry particles. The pulsation is reported to significantly improve inspection sensitivity. ...

Longitudinal Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Particle Inspection.  When the length of a component is several times larger than its diameter, a longitudinal Magnetic field can be established in the component. The component is often placed longitudinally in the concentrated magnetic field that fills the center of a coil or solenoid. This magnetization technique is often referred to as a coil shot. The magnetic field travels through the component from end to end with some flux loss along its length as shown in the image to the right. keep in mind that the magnetic lines of flux occur in three dimensions and are only shown in 2D in the image. The magnetic lines of flux are much denser inside the ferromagnetic material than in air because ferromagnetic materials have much higher permeability than does air. When the concentrated flux within the material comes to the air at the end of the component, it must spread out since the air can not support as many lines of flux per unit ...

When a component is magnetized along its complete length, the flux loss is small alongside length. Therefore, when a component is uniform in cross section and magnetic permeability, the flux density wellbeing relatively uniform throughout the component. Flaws that run normal to the magnetic lines of flux will disturb the flux lines and often cause a leakage field at the surface of the component. When a component with considerable length is magnetized using a solenoid, it is possible to magnetize only a portion of the component. Only the material within the solenoid and about the same width on side of the solenoid will be strongly magnetized. At some distance from the solenoid, the magnetic lines of force will abandon their longitudinal direction, leave the part at a pole on one side of the solenoid and return to the part at a opposite pole on the other side of the solenoid. This occurs because the magnetizing force diminishes with increasing distance from the...

As discussed previously, when current is passed through a solid conductor, a magnetic field forms in and around the conductor. The following statements can be made about the distribution and Intensity of the magnetic field. 1)    The field strength varies from zero at the centre of the component to a maximum at the surface. 2)    The field strength at the surface of the conductor decreases as the radius of the conductor increases when the current strength is held constant.( However, a larger conductor is capable of carrying more current.) 3)    The field strength outside the conductor is directly proportional to the current strength. Inside the conductor, the field strength is dependent on the current strength, magnetic permeability of the material, and if magnetic, the location on the B-H curve. 4)    The field strength outside the conductor decreases with distance from the conductor. In the images below, the magnetic field strength is gr...