Portable Magnetizing Equipment For Magnetic Particle Inspection.

To property inspect a part for cracks or other defects, it is important to become familiar with the different types of magnetic fields and the equipment used to generate them. As discussed previously, one of the primary requirements for detecting a defect in a ferromagnetic material is that the magnetic field induced in the part must intercept the defect at a 45 to 90 degree angle. Flaws that are normal (90 degrees)  to the magnetic field will produce the strongest indication because they disrupt more of the magnet flux.
Therefore, for proper inspection of a component, it is important to be able to establish a magnetic field in at least two directions. A variety of equipment exists to establish the magnetic field for MPI.One way to classify equipment is based on its portability.  Some equipment is designed to be portable so that inspection can be made in the field and some is designed to be stationary for ease of inspection in the laboratory or manufacturing facility. Portable equipment will be discussed first.
PERMANENT MAGNETS:-Permanent magnets are sometimes used for magnetic particle inspection as the source of magnetism. The two primary types of permanent magnets are bar magnets and horseshoe (yoke) magnets. These industrial magnets m are usually very strong and may require significant strength to remove them from a piece of metal.Some permanent magnets require over 50 pounds of force to remove them from the surface. Because it is difficult to remove the magnets from the component being inspected and sometimes difficult and dangerous to place the magnets, their use is not particularly popular. However permanent magnets are sometimes used by diverse for inspection in underwater environments or other areas, such as explosive environments, where electromagnets cannot be used. Permanent magnets can also be made small enough to fit into tight areas where electromagnetes might not fit.

How to make LED bulb?

How to make LED bulb?

Making an LED bulb from scratch can be a complex and potentially dangerous process, as it involves working with electrical components and soldering. It is generally recommended to purchase LED bulbs from reputable manufacturers for safety and quality. However, if you have a basic understanding of electronics and are comfortable working with electrical components, here's a simplified overview of how an LED bulb can be made:

1)  Gather Materials: You will need the following materials: an LED (light-emitting diode), a heat sink, a power supply or driver circuit, resistors, wires, a soldering iron, solder, and a bulb housing or fixture.

2)  Select LED: Choose a high-quality LED that meets your specific requirements in terms of brightness, color, and efficiency. The LED should also match the voltage and current specifications of the power supply.

3)  Design the Circuit: Calculate and design the appropriate driver circuit for your LED. This circuit will control the voltage and current supplied to the LED, ensuring it operates safely and efficiently. You may need to use resistors to match the LED's voltage requirements with the power supply.

4)  Assemble the Circuit: Begin by soldering the components onto a circuit board according to your circuit design. Place the LED onto the heat sink to help dissipate heat generated by the LED during operation. Connect the resistors, wires, and power supply or driver circuit as per the circuit design.

5)  Test the Circuit: Before housing the LED bulb, test the circuit to ensure it functions correctly. Connect the power supply or driver circuit, and verify that the LED lights up and operates as intended.

6)  Construct the Bulb: Place the assembled LED circuit into a bulb housing or fixture that is compatible with your design. Ensure that the housing provides proper insulation and adequate ventilation to prevent overheating.

7)  Finalize the Connections: Connect the wires from the LED circuit to the bulb socket or power source using proper connectors or soldering. Double-check all connections to ensure they are secure and insulated.

8)  Safety Check: Before using the LED bulb, perform a thorough safety check, such as visually inspecting the circuit and connections for any potential hazards or loose components. Ensure that the heat sink is securely attached and the bulb housing is properly sealed.

9)  Install and Use: Install the completed LED bulb in a compatible socket or fixture. Follow standard safety precautions when handling and using the LED bulb, such as disconnecting the power supply before making any adjustments or replacements.

It's important to note that manufacturing commercial-grade LED bulbs involves stricter quality control and testing processes, which are not covered in this general overview. For convenience and safety, it is recommended to purchase LED bulbs from trusted manufacturers or retailers.

Hyundai i20 car features.

Hyundai i20 car features.https://technicalknowledge1234.blogspot.com/2023/07/latest-cars-in-india.html

The Hyundai i20 comes packed with a range of features, which may vary depending on the variant and trim level. Here are some common features found in the Hyundai i20.

1)  Exterior

*Projector headlamps with LED DRLs

*LED tail lamps

*Chrome grille

*Electrically adjustable ORVMs with integrated turn indicators

*Alloy wheels

2)  Interior.

* Dual-tone black and beige interior

* 8-inch touchscreen infotainment system with Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and Bluetooth connectivity

* Steering-mounted audio controls

* Wireless charging pad

* Arkamys premium sound system with four speakers and two tweeters

* Automatic climate control

* Rear AC vents

* Push-button start/stop

Electrically foldable ORVMs

3)  Safety.

* Dual front airbags

* ABS with EBD

* Rear parking sensors

* Rear parking camera with dynamic guidelines

* Speed-sensing auto door lock

* Emergency stop signal

* High-speed alert system

* ISOFIX child seat anchors

4)  Performance and Convenience.

* Engine options: 1.2L petrol, 1.0L turbo petrol, and 1.5L diesel

* Transmission options: 5-speed manual, 6-speed manual, 6-speed DCT (automatic), or iMT (clutchless manual)

* Drive modes: Normal, Eco, and Sport (available in certain variants)

* Electric power steering with tilt and telescopic adjustability

* Front and rear power windows

* Rear wiper and washer

* Rear defogger

* Cooled glove box

These are some of the key features offered in the Hyundai i20. Please note that the features may vary depending on the specific variant and trim level. It is recommended to check with the nearest Hyundai dealership for more detailed information and to see the features of the specific variant you are interested in.