Angle beam transducers in ultrasonic testing.

Angle beam transducers :-Angle beam transducers and wedges are typically used to introduce a refrected shear wave into the test material. Transducer can be purchased in a variety of fixed angles or adjustable versions where the user determines the angles of incidence and refraction. In the fixed angle versions, the angle of refraction that is marked on the transducer is only accurate for a particular material,, which is usually steel. The angled sound path allows the sound beam to be reflected from the Blackwell to improve detectability of flaws in and around welded areas. They are also used to generate surface waves for use in detecting defects on the surface of component.
Normal incident shear wave transducer:-are unique because they allow the introduction of shear waves directly into a test piece without the use of an angle beam wedge. Careful design has enabled manufacturing of transducers with minimal longitudinal wave contamination. The ratio of the longitudinal to shear wave component is generally below -30dB.
paint brush transducers 

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Microsoft Excel is a computer program developed by Microsoft Corporation for creating and manipulating spreadsheets. It is a part of the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software, and is widely used in business, financial analysis, science and engineering, and other fields that require data organization and analysis. Excel allows users to enter, edit, and format data in cells, create charts and graphs, and perform calculations using built-in formulas and functions.

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